Abstract: Photocatalytic water splitting represents a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production. The performance of photocatalysts hinges critically on their ability to harvest sunlight, separate photogenerated charge carriers, and catalyze redox reactions efficiently. Nanomaterials—including metal oxides, sulfides, perovskites, and heterostructured composites—offer enhanced surface area, tunable band gaps, and improved charge dynamics. This review discusses recent developments in nanostructured photocatalysts, highlights design strategies for enhancing efficiency, and identifies future directions for achieving practical solar-to-hydrogen conversion.

Abstract: Population aging presents one of the most significant global health challenges of the 21st century. While cognitive decline is commonly associated with aging, substantial heterogeneity exists in cognitive trajectories among older adults. A subset of individuals maintain preserved cognitive performance despite structural brain atrophy, vascular burden, or neuropathological changes. This phenomenon—termed cognitive resilience—reflects the ability of the aging brain to adapt, compensate, and maintain functional integrity. This review synthesizes current evidence on the neuro-biological mechanisms underlying cognitive resilience, including neural plasticity, synaptic maintenance, neurotrophic signaling, mitochondrial efficiency, neuroimmune regulation, genetic and epigenetic influences, and network-level compensation.

Abstract: Coastal ecosystems are among the most productive and biodiverse environments on Earth, yet they are increasingly threatened by climate change. Rising sea levels, ocean warming, acidification, and altered precipitation patterns are driving complex physical, chemical, and biological changes in coastal zones. These impacts manifest across multiple spatial and temporal scales, affecting habitat structure, species composition, biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem services. To advance understanding and inform effective mitigation, multiscale modeling approaches—spanning local hydrodynamic and ecological models to regional and global climate projections—are essential. This review synthesizes current knowledge of climate change effects on coastal ecosystems, evaluates state-of-the-art multiscale modeling frameworks, and discusses mitigation strategies that integrate ecological engineering, adaptive management, and policy interventions. We highlight critical research gaps, including the need for improved model coupling, higher-resolution datasets, and interdisciplinary integration to support resilient coastal management under accelerating climate change.

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and climate change have exacerbated air pollution and heat stress in megacities worldwide, posing significant risks to public health, ecosystem services, and urban sustainability. Urban green infrastructure (UGI) — including parks, street trees, green roofs, vertical gardens, and urban wetlands — offers a nature-based solution to mitigate these challenges through pollutant filtration, microclimate regulation, and enhancement of thermal comfort. This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which UGI influences air quality and urban heat dynamics, evaluates design and implementation strategies in diverse megacity contexts, and identifies barriers to effective deployment.